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Tamil Nadu has a coastal length of 1076 km (13% of the country's coastal length) 1.9 lakh sq.km of EEZ (9.4% of the India's EEZ) and a continental shelf of about 41,412 sq.km and is one of the leading state in marine fish production. The marine fish production of the state is 5.48 lakh tons during 2020-21.
The State has marine fisherfolk population of 10.48 lakh from 608 marine fishing villages scattered along the 14 coastal districts.
The State has an efficient fishing fleet comprise of 5893 mechanized fishing boats and 42337 traditional crafts through which the State could achieve an annual marine fish production of 5.48 lakh MT and ranks second with 10 to 12% contribution to the total marine fish production of India. The per capita consumption of fish in Tamil Nadu is 9.3 Kg.
The shore infrastructure facilities include 9 major fishing harbours, 3 medium fishing harbours, 53 fish landing centres and 236 fish landing points.
The State exported 1.10 lakh MT of marine products and earned foreign exchange of Rs.5565.46 crore during 2020-21.
| Name of the coast | Region | Length |
|---|---|---|
| Coromandal Coast | Chennai to Point Calimere | 357.2 Km. |
| Palk Bay | Point Calimere to Pamban | 293.9 Km. |
| Gulf of Mannar | Pamban to Kanniyakumari | 364.9 Km. |
| West Coast in Arabian Sea | Kanniyakumari to Neerodi | 60.0 Km. |
| Name of the District | Coramandal Coast | Palk Bay | Gulf of Mannar | West Coast | Total (Kms) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chennai | 19.0 | - | - | - | 19.0 |
| Thiruvallur | 27.9 | - | - | - | 27.9 |
| Chengalpattu | 87.2 | - | - | - | 87.2 |
| Villupuram | 40.7 | - | - | - | 40.7 |
| Cuddalore | 57.5 | - | - | - | 57.5 |
| Mayiladuthurai | 70.9 | - | - | - | 70.9 |
| Nagapattinam | 54.0 | 63.0 | - | - | 117.0 |
| Thiruvarur | - | 47.2 | - | - | 47.2 |
| Thanjavur | - | 45.1 | - | - | 45.1 |
| Pudukkottai | - | 42.8 | - | - | 42.8 |
| Ramanathapuram | - | 95.8 | 141.0 | - | 236.8 |
| Thoothukudi | - | - | 163.5 | - | 163.5 |
| Tirunelveli | - | - | 48.9 | - | 48.9 |
| Kanyakumari | - | - | 11.5 | 60.0 | 71.5 |
| Total | 357.2 | 293.9 | 364.9 | 60.0 | 1076.0 |
The Gulf of Mannar Region at the southern tip of Tamilnadu is recognised as the richest marine bio diversity region in the world.